An RTX 4090 (24 GB) meets Unsloth’s minimums for QLoRA up to 27B and LoRA up to 9B. An RTX 5090 (32 GB) reaches QLoRA 40B and LoRA 11B. An A100 or H100 80GB reaches QLoRA 90B and LoRA 32B. The table below runs the same check for every discrete GPU in the catalog.
How the check works: a GPU meets a row when its memory is at least the number Unsloth printed. Card memory is the marketed size (24 GB is counted as 24 GiB, the catalog’s convention for discrete VRAM), so 24 GB meets a 24 GB minimum but not 26 GB. The Unsloth figures were checked on 2026-10-22 and are their published minimums, not a measurement by vramcalculator.io. The full source table is in QLoRA and LoRA VRAM by model size.
Quick checks
- RTX 4090 24GB: meets 9B LoRA at 24 GB. Does not meet 32B QLoRA at 26 GB or 11B LoRA at 29 GB.
- RTX 5090 32GB: meets 40B QLoRA at 30GB. Does not meet 14B LoRA at 33 GB.
- A100 80GB SXM: meets 32B LoRA at 76 GB and 90B QLoRA at 53GB. Does not meet 40B LoRA at 96GB or 405B QLoRA at 237 GB.
Which GPUs meet each minimum
“All 28 discrete GPUs” means every card in the list further down, since the smallest is 8 GiB. “None” means even the 80 GiB cards (A100 and H100) fall short.
| Model size | QLoRA minimum | GPUs that meet the QLoRA minimum | LoRA minimum | GPUs that meet the LoRA minimum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3B | 3.5 GB | All 28 discrete GPUs | 8 GB | All 28 discrete GPUs |
| 7B | 5 GB | All 28 discrete GPUs | 19 GB | Radeon RX 7900 XT 20GB (desktop) (20 GiB); GeForce RTX 3090 24GB (desktop) (24 GiB); GeForce RTX 4090 24GB (desktop) (24 GiB); Radeon RX 7900 XTX 24GB (desktop) (24 GiB); GeForce RTX 5090 32GB (desktop) (32 GiB); NVIDIA L40S 48GB (48 GiB); NVIDIA A100 80GB SXM (80 GiB); NVIDIA H100 80GB SXM (80 GiB) |
| 8B | 6 GB | All 28 discrete GPUs | 22 GB | GeForce RTX 3090 24GB (desktop) (24 GiB); GeForce RTX 4090 24GB (desktop) (24 GiB); Radeon RX 7900 XTX 24GB (desktop) (24 GiB); GeForce RTX 5090 32GB (desktop) (32 GiB); NVIDIA L40S 48GB (48 GiB); NVIDIA A100 80GB SXM (80 GiB); NVIDIA H100 80GB SXM (80 GiB) |
| 9B | 6.5 GB | All 28 discrete GPUs | 24 GB | GeForce RTX 3090 24GB (desktop) (24 GiB); GeForce RTX 4090 24GB (desktop) (24 GiB); Radeon RX 7900 XTX 24GB (desktop) (24 GiB); GeForce RTX 5090 32GB (desktop) (32 GiB); NVIDIA L40S 48GB (48 GiB); NVIDIA A100 80GB SXM (80 GiB); NVIDIA H100 80GB SXM (80 GiB) |
| 11B | 7.5 GB | All 28 discrete GPUs | 29 GB | GeForce RTX 5090 32GB (desktop) (32 GiB); NVIDIA L40S 48GB (48 GiB); NVIDIA A100 80GB SXM (80 GiB); NVIDIA H100 80GB SXM (80 GiB) |
| 14B | 8.5 GB | GeForce RTX 3080 10GB (desktop) (10 GiB); GeForce RTX 3060 12GB (desktop) (12 GiB); GeForce RTX 3080 12GB (desktop) (12 GiB); GeForce RTX 4070 12GB (desktop, GDDR6X) (12 GiB); GeForce RTX 4070 SUPER 12GB (desktop) (12 GiB); GeForce RTX 5070 12GB (desktop) (12 GiB); GeForce RTX 4060 Ti 16GB (desktop) (16 GiB); GeForce RTX 4070 Ti SUPER 16GB (desktop) (16 GiB); GeForce RTX 4080 16GB (desktop) (16 GiB); GeForce RTX 4080 SUPER 16GB (desktop) (16 GiB); GeForce RTX 5060 Ti 16GB (desktop) (16 GiB); GeForce RTX 5070 Ti 16GB (desktop) (16 GiB); GeForce RTX 5080 16GB (desktop) (16 GiB); Radeon RX 7800 XT 16GB (desktop) (16 GiB); Radeon RX 9070 16GB (desktop) (16 GiB); Radeon RX 9070 XT 16GB (desktop) (16 GiB); Radeon RX 7900 XT 20GB (desktop) (20 GiB); GeForce RTX 3090 24GB (desktop) (24 GiB); GeForce RTX 4090 24GB (desktop) (24 GiB); Radeon RX 7900 XTX 24GB (desktop) (24 GiB); GeForce RTX 5090 32GB (desktop) (32 GiB); NVIDIA L40S 48GB (48 GiB); NVIDIA A100 80GB SXM (80 GiB); NVIDIA H100 80GB SXM (80 GiB) | 33 GB | NVIDIA L40S 48GB (48 GiB); NVIDIA A100 80GB SXM (80 GiB); NVIDIA H100 80GB SXM (80 GiB) |
| 27B | 22GB | GeForce RTX 3090 24GB (desktop) (24 GiB); GeForce RTX 4090 24GB (desktop) (24 GiB); Radeon RX 7900 XTX 24GB (desktop) (24 GiB); GeForce RTX 5090 32GB (desktop) (32 GiB); NVIDIA L40S 48GB (48 GiB); NVIDIA A100 80GB SXM (80 GiB); NVIDIA H100 80GB SXM (80 GiB) | 64GB | NVIDIA A100 80GB SXM (80 GiB); NVIDIA H100 80GB SXM (80 GiB) |
| 32B | 26 GB | GeForce RTX 5090 32GB (desktop) (32 GiB); NVIDIA L40S 48GB (48 GiB); NVIDIA A100 80GB SXM (80 GiB); NVIDIA H100 80GB SXM (80 GiB) | 76 GB | NVIDIA A100 80GB SXM (80 GiB); NVIDIA H100 80GB SXM (80 GiB) |
| 40B | 30GB | GeForce RTX 5090 32GB (desktop) (32 GiB); NVIDIA L40S 48GB (48 GiB); NVIDIA A100 80GB SXM (80 GiB); NVIDIA H100 80GB SXM (80 GiB) | 96GB | None |
| 70B | 41 GB | NVIDIA L40S 48GB (48 GiB); NVIDIA A100 80GB SXM (80 GiB); NVIDIA H100 80GB SXM (80 GiB) | 164 GB | None |
| 81B | 48GB | NVIDIA L40S 48GB (48 GiB); NVIDIA A100 80GB SXM (80 GiB); NVIDIA H100 80GB SXM (80 GiB) | 192GB | None |
| 90B | 53GB | NVIDIA A100 80GB SXM (80 GiB); NVIDIA H100 80GB SXM (80 GiB) | 212GB | None |
| 405B | 237 GB | None | 950 GB | None |
The 28 discrete GPUs
Sorted by memory, then name.
Unified memory, not scored
These machines have plenty of memory, but it is unified memory shared with the CPU and operating system, not discrete VRAM, so they are listed without a verdict. For how a Spark compares with a discrete card, see DGX Spark vs RTX 5090, and for the general rule, two GPUs and unified memory.
| Hardware | Memory type | Memory (GiB) | Bytes | Marketed as |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apple M2 Max 64GB unified (MacBook Pro / Mac Studio) | unified-memory | 64 | 68719476736 | 64 GB unified memory |
| Apple M4 Max 128GB unified (MacBook Pro) | unified-memory | 128 | 137438953472 | 128 GB unified memory |
| NVIDIA DGX Spark (GB10, 128 GB unified) | unified-memory | 128 | 137438953472 | 128 GB LPDDR5x coherent unified system memory |
| Ryzen AI Max+ 395 | unified-memory | 128 | 137438953472 | 128 GB LPDDR5x-8000 unified memory |
FAQ
What is the largest model I can fine-tune on an RTX 4090?
Going by Unsloth's minimums, 27B with QLoRA (22GB) and 9B with LoRA (24 GB). 32B QLoRA needs 26 GB, which a 24 GB card doesn't meet.
What about an RTX 5090?
Its 32 GB meets QLoRA up to 40B (30GB) and LoRA up to 11B (29 GB). 14B LoRA needs 33 GB.
Does meeting a row mean the GPU can fine-tune that model?
Not necessarily. It only means the card's memory is at least Unsloth's printed minimum. It is arithmetic on two published numbers, not a fine-tuning benchmark, and Unsloth notes some models need more.
Why aren't DGX Spark and the Apple machines scored?
They use unified memory shared with the CPU and operating system, not discrete VRAM, so comparing them to a VRAM minimum would be misleading. Their sizes are listed separately below.
Calculator version not recorded for this article. model data 2026-10-02.1. Sources last checked 2026-10-22.